幻女**毛片,99热精品免费,日韩欧美亚洲精品,国产床上视频,国产成人精品一区二三区,99ri精品,国产区视频

 倪超-瓣膜病

（專(zhuān)家課件預覽：點(diǎn)擊下圖可進(jìn)行全文預覽）

Valvular Heart Disease
Ni Chao, M.D.
Division of Cardiology
Objectives
To understand the pathophysiology of the major VHDs
To learn how to examine the patient
To understand the principles of laboratory diagnosis 
To learn the fundamentals for treatment of cardiac valve abnormalities 
Mitral Stenosis
Etiology 
Almost always the result of rheumatic fever
Less common causes
Congenital MS
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Atrial myxoma 
Bacterial endocarditis. 
Epidemiology 
Rare in industrialized countries in patients

點(diǎn)擊下載：倪超-瓣膜病